Step-by-Step Installation Guide for MongoDB Community Edition on Debian
Install MongoDB Community Edition on Debian
MongoDB Community Edition is a powerful, open-source NoSQL database ideal for modern applications. Installing MongoDB on Debian involves adding the MongoDB repository, installing the necessary packages, and configuring the database for operation.
This guide provides a step-by-step tutorial to install MongoDB Community Edition on Debian systems.
Prerequisites
Before you start, ensure:
1. Operating System: Debian 10 (Buster) or Debian 11 (Bullseye).
2. Root Access: Administrative privileges with sudo.
3. Internet Connection: Required for downloading MongoDB packages.
Step 1: Import MongoDB's Public GPG Key
Download and import the MongoDB GPG key to verify the authenticity of the packages:
# Import the MongoDB GPG key curl -fsSL https://pgp.mongodb.com/server-6.0.asc | sudo gpg -o /usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-6.0.gpg --dearmor
Step 2: Add MongoDB Repository
Configure the MongoDB repository in your system:
For Debian 10 (Buster):
# Add MongoDB repository for Debian 10 echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-6.0.gpg] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian buster/mongodb-org/6.0 main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list
For Debian 11 (Bullseye):
# Add MongoDB repository for Debian 11 echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-6.0.gpg] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian bullseye/mongodb-org/6.0 main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list
Step 3: Update the Package List and Install MongoDB
1. Update the package list to include the MongoDB repository:
# Update system package list sudo apt update
2. Install MongoDB:
# Install MongoDB Community Edition sudo apt install -y mongodb-org
Step 4: Start and Enable MongoDB Service
1. Start the MongoDB service:
# Start MongoDB service sudo systemctl start mongod
2. Enable MongoDB to start at boot:
# Enable MongoDB to start on boot sudo systemctl enable mongod
Step 5: Verify MongoDB Installation
To confirm that MongoDB is installed and running correctly:
1. Check the status of MongoDB:
# Check MongoDB service status sudo systemctl status mongod
If the service is running, you should see active in the output.
2. Open the MongoDB shell:
# Access MongoDB shell mongosh
Step 6: Configure Security (Optional)
Enable Authentication
1. Open MongoDB's configuration file:
sudo nano /etc/mongod.conf
2. Add the following under the security section:
security: authorization: "enabled"
3. Restart the MongoDB service:
sudo systemctl restart mongod
Step 7: Configure Firewall (Optional)
If you want to allow remote access to MongoDB, open port 27017:
# Allow MongoDB port in the firewall sudo ufw allow 27017/tcp
Example Commands for MongoDB on Debian
Insert a Document
Code:
// Insert a sample document into the 'users' collection
db.users.insertOne({ name: "Debian User", age: 30, role: "Admin" });
Query a Collection
Code:
// Find all documents in the 'users' collection
db.users.find();
Troubleshooting Tips
Issue | Solution |
---|---|
MongoDB service fails to start | Check the logs at /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log for detailed error messages. |
Package signing error | Ensure the MongoDB GPG key is correctly imported and the repository URL matches your OS version. |
Connection refused remotely | Check firewall settings and ensure MongoDB is listening on the correct IP address. |
Additional Notes:
- Compatibility: Ensure your MongoDB version matches your Debian distribution.
- Backup: Back up important data regularly, especially before making configuration changes.
- Updates: Periodically check for MongoDB updates using sudo apt update and sudo apt upgrade.
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