Step-by-Step Installation Guide for MongoDB Community Edition on Debian

Install MongoDB Community Edition on Debian

MongoDB Community Edition is a powerful, open-source NoSQL database ideal for modern applications. Installing MongoDB on Debian involves adding the MongoDB repository, installing the necessary packages, and configuring the database for operation.

This guide provides a step-by-step tutorial to install MongoDB Community Edition on Debian systems.

Prerequisites

Before you start, ensure:

1. Operating System: Debian 10 (Buster) or Debian 11 (Bullseye).

2. Root Access: Administrative privileges with sudo.

3. Internet Connection: Required for downloading MongoDB packages.

Step 1: Import MongoDB's Public GPG Key

Download and import the MongoDB GPG key to verify the authenticity of the packages:

# Import the MongoDB GPG key
curl -fsSL https://pgp.mongodb.com/server-6.0.asc | sudo gpg -o /usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-6.0.gpg --dearmor

Step 2: Add MongoDB Repository

Configure the MongoDB repository in your system:

For Debian 10 (Buster):

# Add MongoDB repository for Debian 10
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-6.0.gpg] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian buster/mongodb-org/6.0 main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list

For Debian 11 (Bullseye):

# Add MongoDB repository for Debian 11
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-6.0.gpg] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian bullseye/mongodb-org/6.0 main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list

Step 3: Update the Package List and Install MongoDB

1. Update the package list to include the MongoDB repository:

# Update system package list
sudo apt update

2. Install MongoDB:

# Install MongoDB Community Edition
sudo apt install -y mongodb-org

Step 4: Start and Enable MongoDB Service

1. Start the MongoDB service:

# Start MongoDB service
sudo systemctl start mongod

2. Enable MongoDB to start at boot:

# Enable MongoDB to start on boot
sudo systemctl enable mongod

Step 5: Verify MongoDB Installation

To confirm that MongoDB is installed and running correctly:

1. Check the status of MongoDB:

# Check MongoDB service status
sudo systemctl status mongod

If the service is running, you should see active in the output.

2. Open the MongoDB shell:

# Access MongoDB shell
mongosh

Step 6: Configure Security (Optional)

Enable Authentication

1. Open MongoDB's configuration file:

sudo nano /etc/mongod.conf

2. Add the following under the security section:

security:
  authorization: "enabled"

3. Restart the MongoDB service:

sudo systemctl restart mongod

Step 7: Configure Firewall (Optional)

If you want to allow remote access to MongoDB, open port 27017:

# Allow MongoDB port in the firewall
sudo ufw allow 27017/tcp

Example Commands for MongoDB on Debian

Insert a Document

Code:

// Insert a sample document into the 'users' collection
db.users.insertOne({ name: "Debian User", age: 30, role: "Admin" });

Query a Collection

Code:

// Find all documents in the 'users' collection
db.users.find();

Troubleshooting Tips

Additional Notes:

• Compatibility: Ensure your MongoDB version matches your Debian distribution.
• Backup: Back up important data regularly, especially before making configuration changes.
• Updates: Periodically check for MongoDB updates using sudo apt update and sudo apt upgrade.