SQL Exercise: Find the team that took penalty shot number 26
38. From the following tables, write a SQL query to find the team against which the penalty shot number 26 was taken. Return match number, country name.
Sample table: penalty_shootout
kick_id | match_no | team_id | player_id | score_goal | kick_no
---------+----------+---------+-----------+------------+---------
1 | 37 | 1221 | 160467 | Y | 1
2 | 37 | 1213 | 160297 | Y | 2
3 | 37 | 1221 | 160477 | N | 3
4 | 37 | 1213 | 160298 | Y | 4
5 | 37 | 1221 | 160476 | Y | 5
6 | 37 | 1213 | 160281 | Y | 6
7 | 37 | 1221 | 160470 | Y | 7
8 | 37 | 1213 | 160287 | Y | 8
9 | 37 | 1221 | 160469 | Y | 9
.........
37 | 47 | 1208 | 160166 | Y | 18
Sample table: soccer_country
country_id | country_abbr | country_name
------------+--------------+---------------------
1201 | ALB | Albania
1202 | AUT | Austria
1203 | BEL | Belgium
1204 | CRO | Croatia
1205 | CZE | Czech Republic
1206 | ENG | England
1207 | FRA | France
1208 | GER | Germany
1209 | HUN | Hungary
........
1229 | NOR | Norway
Sample Solution:
SQL Code:
-- This query selects the match number and country name for penalty shootouts where the team is different from the team that took kick with kick_id 26.
SELECT
match_no, -- Selecting the match number
country_name -- Selecting the country name
FROM
penalty_shootout a -- Specifying the penalty_shootout table with an alias 'a'
JOIN
soccer_country c ON a.team_id = c.country_id -- Joining the penalty_shootout table with the soccer_country table based on the team_id
WHERE
match_no = (
-- Subquery to select the match number of the penalty shootout with kick_id 26
SELECT
match_no
FROM
penalty_shootout
WHERE
kick_id = 26
)
AND country_name <> (
-- Subquery to select the country name of the team that took kick with kick_id 26
SELECT
country_name
FROM
soccer_country
WHERE
country_id = (
-- Subquery to select the team ID of the team that took kick with kick_id 26
SELECT
team_id
FROM
penalty_shootout
WHERE
kick_id = 26
)
)
-- Grouping the results by match number and country name
GROUP BY
match_no, country_name;
Sample Output:
match_no | country_name
----------+--------------
47 | Germany
(1 row)
Code Explanation:
The said query in SQL that retrieves the match number and country name from the penalty_shootout table and the soccer_country table respectively, for the same match as the kick with kick_id 26 but for a different team. It also groups the results by match number and country name.
The JOIN clause joins the penalty_shootout table aliased as "a" and the soccer_country table aliased as "c" based on the team_id and country_id columns.
The WHERE clause filters the results to only include rows where the match_no column is equal to the match number of the kick with kick_id 26. This is achieved by using a subquery to select the match number from the penalty_shootout table where kick_id=26.
The another WHERE clause also filters the results to exclude rows where the country_name column is equal to the country name of the team that took the kick with kick_id 26. This is achieved by using a subquery to select the team_id from the penalty_shootout table where kick_id=26, and then using another subquery to select the country_name from the soccer_country table where country_id is equal to the selected team_id.
The GROUP BY statement groups the results by match_no and country_name.
Alternative Solutions:
Using JOINs and IN Clause:
-- This query selects the match number and country name for penalty shootouts where the team is different from the team that took kick with kick_id 26.
SELECT
ps.match_no, -- Selecting the match number from the penalty_shootout table aliased as 'ps'
sc.country_name -- Selecting the country name from the soccer_country table aliased as 'sc'
FROM
penalty_shootout ps -- Specifying the penalty_shootout table with an alias 'ps'
JOIN
soccer_country sc ON ps.team_id = sc.country_id -- Joining the penalty_shootout table with the soccer_country table based on the team_id
WHERE
ps.match_no IN (
-- Subquery to select the match numbers of the penalty shootouts with kick_id 26
SELECT
match_no
FROM
penalty_shootout
WHERE
kick_id = 26
)
AND sc.country_name <> (
-- Subquery to select the country name of the team that took kick with kick_id 26
SELECT
country_name
FROM
soccer_country
WHERE
country_id IN (
-- Subquery to select the team IDs of the teams that took kick with kick_id 26
SELECT
team_id
FROM
penalty_shootout
WHERE
kick_id = 26
)
)
-- Grouping the results by match number and country name
GROUP BY
ps.match_no, sc.country_name;
Explanation:
This query uses JOINs and the IN clause to filter and retrieve the desired results. It selects match numbers and team IDs based on kick_id=26, then compares country names.
Using JOINs and EXISTS Clause:
-- This query retrieves match numbers and country names for penalty shootouts where the team is different from the team that took kick with kick_id 26.
SELECT
ps.match_no, -- Selecting the match number from the penalty_shootout table aliased as 'ps'
sc.country_name -- Selecting the country name from the soccer_country table aliased as 'sc'
FROM
penalty_shootout ps -- Specifying the penalty_shootout table with an alias 'ps'
JOIN
soccer_country sc ON ps.team_id = sc.country_id -- Joining the penalty_shootout table with the soccer_country table based on the team_id
WHERE
EXISTS (
-- Subquery to check if there exists a record with kick_id 26 and the same match number as the outer query
SELECT
1
FROM
penalty_shootout
WHERE
kick_id = 26 AND match_no = ps.match_no
)
AND NOT EXISTS (
-- Subquery to check if there doesn't exist a record in the soccer_country table for the team that took kick with kick_id 26 and has the same country name as the team in the outer query
SELECT
1
FROM
soccer_country
WHERE
country_id = (
-- Subquery to select the team ID of the team that took kick with kick_id 26 and has the same match number as the outer query
SELECT
team_id
FROM
penalty_shootout
WHERE
kick_id = 26 AND match_no = ps.match_no
)
AND country_name = sc.country_name
)
-- Grouping the results by match number and country name
GROUP BY
ps.match_no, sc.country_name;
Explanation:
This query uses JOINs and the EXISTS clause to filter and retrieve the desired results. It checks for the existence of match numbers with kick_id=26 and compares country names.
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Practice Online
Sample Database: soccer
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