PHP Exercises: Create a new string of the characters at indexes 0,1,4,5,8,9 ... from a given string

Last update on December 20 2024 10:20:15 (UTC/GMT +8 hours)

Write a PHP program to create a new string of the characters at indexes 0,1,4,5,8,9 ... from a given string.

Sample Solution:

PHP Code :

<?php
// Define a function that extracts substrings from a given string
function test($s)
{
    // Initialize an empty string to store the result
    $result = "";

    // Iterate through the characters of the input string with a step size of 4
    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($s); $i = $i + 4)
    {
        // Calculate the end index of the substring
        $c = $i + 2;

        // Initialize a variable to store the substring length
        $n = 0;

        // Determine if the calculated end index is beyond the length of the string
        $z = $c > strlen($s) ? 1 : 2;

        // Update the substring length based on the condition
        $n = $n + $z;

        // Append the extracted substring to the result
        $result = $result . substr($s, $i, $n);
    }

    // Return the final result
    return $result;
}

// Test the function with different input strings
echo (test("Python"))."\n";
echo (test("JavaScript"))."\n";
echo (test("HTML"))."\n";
?>

Explanation:

• Function Definition:
• The test function takes a single string $s as input and extracts specific substrings based on certain conditions.
• Initialize Result String:
• An empty string $result is initialized to store the final result.
• Iterate with Step Size of 4:
• A for loop iterates through $s with a step size of 4, so i increments by 4 in each loop, meaning it processes every fourth character in the string.
• Calculate Substring End Index:
• For each iteration, c is set to i + 2, marking the end of a two-character substring starting at index i.
• Determine Substring Length:
• A variable $z determines the substring length:
• If c is beyond the end of the string, $z is set to 1.
• Otherwise, $z is set to 2, allowing the substring to be two characters long.
• $n is updated with this value of $z, making $n the actual length of the substring to extract.
• Extract and Append Substring:
• The substr($s, $i, $n) function extracts a substring starting at index i with length $n, and appends it to $result.
• Return the Result:
• After the loop completes, $result contains the concatenated substrings extracted from $s, which the function returns.

Output:

Pyon
JaScpt
HT

Visual Presentation:

Flowchart:

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