MySQL Alter Table Statement Exercises: Add a foreign key on job_id column of job_history table referencing to the primary key job_id of jobs table
MySQL Alter Table Statement: Exercise-11 with Solution
Write a MySQL statement to add a foreign key on job_id column of job_history table referencing to the primary key job_id of jobs table.
Here is the structure of the table jobs and job_history.
mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FORM jobs; +------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | JOB_ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | | | JOB_TITLE | varchar(35) | NO | | NULL | | | MIN_SALARY | decimal(6,0) | YES | | NULL | | | MAX_SALARY | decimal(6,0) | YES | | NULL | | +------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM job_history; +---------------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +---------------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | EMPLOYEE_ID | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | | START_DATE | date | YES | | NULL | | | HIRE_DATE | date | YES | | NULL | | | JOB_ID | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | | DEPARTMENT_ID | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | +---------------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
Code:
-- This SQL statement is used to alter the 'job_history' table by adding a foreign key constraint.
-- The foreign key is added on the 'job_id' column, referencing the 'job_id' column in the 'jobs' table.
ALTER TABLE job_history
-- Add a foreign key constraint to the 'job_id' column in the 'job_history' table.
ADD FOREIGN KEY(job_id)
-- Specify the referenced table and column for the foreign key constraint.
REFERENCES jobs(job_id);
Let execute the above code in MySQL command prompt
Now see the structure of the table job_history after being altered.
mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM job_history;
+---------------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| EMPLOYEE_ID | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| START_DATE | date | YES | | NULL | |
| HIRE_DATE | date | YES | | NULL | |
| JOB_ID | int(11) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| DEPARTMENT_ID | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
+---------------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
Now see the created index file.
mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM job_history; +-------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+ | Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | +-------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+ | job_history | 1 | JOB_ID | 1 | JOB_ID | A | NULL | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | +-------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
Explanation:
Here's a brief explanation of the above MySQL code:
- ALTER TABLE job_history: This part of the statement indicates that you want to make changes to the structure of the 'job_history' table.
- ADD FOREIGN KEY(job_id): It adds a foreign key constraint to the 'job_id' column in the 'job_history' table.
- REFERENCES jobs(job_id);: This specifies the referenced table and column for the foreign key constraint. It indicates that the 'job_id' column in 'job_history' should refer to the 'job_id' column in the 'jobs' table. This ensures that values in the 'job_id' column of 'job_history' must exist in the 'job_id' column of the 'jobs' table. This establishes a relationship between the two tables.
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Previous: Write a SQL statement to drop the existing primary from the table locations on a combination of columns location_id and country_id.
Next: Write a SQL statement to add a foreign key constraint named fk_job_id on job_id column of job_history table referencing to the primary key job_id of jobs table.
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https://w3resource.com/mysql-exercises/alter-table-statement/alter-table-exercise-11.php
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