JavaScript: Twin prime of a prime number

JavaScript Math: Exercise-66 with Solution

Find Twin Prime

Write a JavaScript program to find the 'twin prime' of a given prime number.

From Wikipedia,
A twin prime is a prime number that is either 2 less or 2 more than another prime number-for example, either member of the twin prime pair (41, 43). In other words, a twin prime is a prime that has a prime gap of two. Sometimes the term twin prime is used for a pair of twin primes; an alternative name for this is prime twin or prime pair.
Usually the pair (2, 3) is not considered to be a pair of twin primes. Since 2 is the only even prime, this pair is the only pair of prime numbers that differ by one; thus twin primes are as closely spaced as possible for any other two primes.
The first few twin prime pairs are:
(3, 5), (5, 7), (11, 13), (17, 19), (29, 31), (41, 43), (59, 61), (71, 73), (101, 103), (107, 109), (137, 139), ....

Return value: Either the twin, or -1 if n or n + 2 is not prime number.

Sample Data:
Twin prime of 5 is:7
Twin prime of 59 is:61
Twin prime of 107 is:109
Twin prime of 61 is:-1

Sample Solution:

JavaScript Code:

// Define a function twin_Prime to find the twin prime for a given number.
function twin_Prime (n) {
  // Call the test_prime function to check if 'n' is prime.
  const prime_num = test_prime(n);

  // If 'n' is not prime, return -1.
  if (!prime_num) {
    return -1;
  }

  // If 'n' is prime, check if 'n+2' is also prime.
  if (!test_prime(n + 2)) {
    return -1;
  }

  // Return 'n+2' if it is prime and forms a twin prime pair with 'n'.
  return n + 2;
}

// Define a function test_prime to check if a number is prime.
function test_prime(n)
{
  // If 'n' is 1, it is not prime.
  if (n === 1)
  {
    return false;
  }
  // If 'n' is 2, it is prime.
  else if(n === 2)
  {
    return true;
  }
  // For 'n' greater than 2, iterate from 2 to 'n-1' to check for factors.
  else
  {
    for(var x = 2; x < n; x++)
    {
      // If 'n' is divisible by any number between 2 and 'n-1', it is not prime.
      if(n % x === 0)
      {
        return false;
      }
    }
    // If 'n' is not divisible by any number between 2 and 'n-1', it is prime.
    return true;  
  }
}

// Output the twin primes for specific numbers.
console.log("Twin prime of 5 is:" + twin_Prime(5));
console.log("Twin prime of 59 is:" + twin_Prime(59));
console.log("Twin prime of 107 is:" + twin_Prime(107));
console.log("Twin prime of 61 is:" + twin_Prime(61));

Output:

"Twin prime of 5 is:7"
"Twin prime of 59 is:61"
"Twin prime of 107 is:109"
"Twin prime of 61 is:-1"

Flowchart:

Live Demo:

See the Pen javascript-math-exercise-66 by w3resource (@w3resource) on CodePen.

For more Practice: Solve these Related Problems:

• Write a JavaScript function that finds the twin prime of a given prime number by checking numbers two less and two more.
• Write a JavaScript function that validates a prime number input and returns its twin prime pair if one exists.
• Write a JavaScript function that iterates through a range of primes to identify and return the first twin prime pair after a given number.
• Write a JavaScript function that uses efficient prime checking algorithms to find twin primes in a specified range.

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