JavaScript: Subtract two complex numbers

Last update on March 01 2025 11:04:03 (UTC/GMT +8 hours)

JavaScript Math: Exercise-51 with Solution

Subtract Complex Numbers

Write a JavaScript program to subtract two complex numbers.
A complex number is a number that can be expressed in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit, that satisfies the equation i2 = −1. In this expression, a is the real part and b is the imaginary part of the complex number.

Sample Solution:

JavaScript Code:

// Define a constructor function named Complex that represents complex numbers with real and imaginary parts.
function Complex(real, imaginary) {
  // Initialize real and imaginary parts of the complex number.
  this.real = 0;
  this.imaginary = 0;
  
  // Set the real part to the provided value or default to 0 if not provided.
  this.real = (typeof real === 'undefined') ? this.real : parseFloat(real);
  
  // Set the imaginary part to the provided value or default to 0 if not provided.
  this.imaginary = (typeof imaginary === 'undefined') ? this.imaginary : parseFloat(imaginary);
}

// Define a static method named transform for the Complex function to transform numbers to complex numbers.
Complex.transform = function(num) {
  var complex;
  
  // Check if the provided number is already a Complex instance.
  complex = (num instanceof Complex) ? num : complex;
  
  // Check if the provided number is a real number and convert it to a complex number with imaginary part 0.
  complex = (typeof num === 'number') ? new Complex(num, 0) : num;
  
  // Return the complex number.
  return complex;
};

// Define a function named display_complex to display complex numbers in a readable format.
function display_complex(re, im) {
  // If the imaginary part is 0, return only the real part.
  if(im === '0') return '' + re;
  
  // If the real part is 0, return only the imaginary part with 'i'.
  if(re === 0) return '' + im + 'i';
  
  // If the imaginary part is negative, return the real and imaginary parts combined with 'i'.
  if(im < 0) return '' + re + im + 'i';
  
  // Otherwise, return the real and imaginary parts combined with '+' and 'i'.
  return '' + re + '+' + im + 'i';
}

// Define a function named complex_num_subtract to subtract two complex numbers.
function complex_num_subtract(first, second) {
  // Transform the input numbers to complex numbers.
  var num1, num2;
  num1 = Complex.transform(first);
  num2 = Complex.transform(second);
  
  // Calculate the real and imaginary parts of the difference.
  var real = num1.real - num2.real;
  var imaginary = num1.imaginary - num2.imaginary;
  
  // Display the result as a complex number.
  return display_complex(real, imaginary);   
}

// Create two complex numbers.
var a = new Complex(2, -7);
var b = new Complex(4,  3);

// Output the result of subtracting the second complex number from the first.
console.log(complex_num_subtract(a,b));

Output:

-2-10i

Flowchart:

$JavaScript Math flowchart Pictorial-51-1$

Live Demo:

For more Practice: Solve these Related Problems:

Write a JavaScript function that subtracts two complex numbers represented as objects with properties for real and imaginary parts.
Write a JavaScript function that subtracts complex numbers by converting them to polar coordinates and then back to rectangular form.
Write a JavaScript function that validates complex number inputs and performs subtraction, returning the result as a formatted string.
Write a JavaScript function that subtracts two complex numbers and handles edge cases, such as when one of the numbers is zero.

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