JavaScript: Generates all combinations of a string

JavaScript Function: Exercise-3 with Solution

Write a JavaScript function that generates all combinations of a string.
Example string: 'dog'
Expected Output: d,o,do,g,dg,og,dog

Visual Presentation:

Sample Solution-1:

JavaScript Code:

// Write a JavaScript function that generates all combinations of a string.
function substrings(str1) {
  // Initialize an empty array to store individual characters of the input string
  var array1 = [];

  // Loop through the characters of the input string and store each character in the array
  for (var x = 0, y = 1; x < str1.length; x++, y++) {
    array1[x] = str1.substring(x, y);
  }

  // Initialize an empty array to store all combinations
  var combi = [];
  var temp = "";
  
  // Calculate the total number of combinations using the formula 2^n
  var slent = Math.pow(2, array1.length);

  // Generate all combinations using bitwise operations
  for (var i = 0; i < slent; i++) {
    temp = "";
    
    // Iterate through each character in the array
    for (var j = 0; j < array1.length; j++) {
      // Check if the j-th bit of the binary representation of i is set
      if (i & Math.pow(2, j)) {
        // If set, append the corresponding character to the temporary string
        temp += array1[j];
      }
    }

    // If the temporary string is not empty, add it to the combinations array
    if (temp !== "") {
      combi.push(temp);
    }
  }

  // Log the generated combinations, joined by newline, to the console
  console.log(combi.join("\n"));
}

// Call the substrings function with the input string "dog"
substrings("dog"); 

Output:

d
o
do
g
dg
og
dog

Flowchart:

Live Demo:

See the Pen JavaScript -Check whether a passed string is palindrome or not-function-ex- 2 by w3resource (@w3resource) on CodePen.

Sample Solution-2:

JavaScript Code:

// Define a function named substrings that generates all combinations of a string
function substrings(str) {
  // Initialize an array to store the result (combinations)
  const result = [];

  // Define a recursive helper function named search_combination
  function search_combination(start, curr) {
    // If the current combination is not empty, add it to the result array
    if (curr.length > 0) {
      result.push(curr);
    }

    // Iterate through the characters of the input string starting from the specified index
    for (let i = start; i < str.length; i++) {
      // Recursively call the search_combination function with updated parameters
      search_combination(i + 1, curr + str[i]);
    }
  }

  // Start the recursive search_combination function with initial parameters
  search_combination(0, '');

  // Return the array containing all combinations
  return result;
}

// Declare a constant variable str with the value 'dog'
const str = 'dog';

// Call the substrings function with the input string 'dog' and store the result in the variable result
const result = substrings(str);

// Log the result (combinations) to the console
console.log(result); 

Output:

["d","do","dog","dg","o","og","g"]

Explanation:
The above substrings() function takes a string as input and uses a function called search_combination () to recursively generate the combinations. The start parameter keeps track of the index in the input string where the function should start adding characters to the current combination, and the curr parameter stores the current combination being generated.

At each step, the function checks if the current combination is not empty and adds it to the result array if it is not. Then, the function loops over the remaining characters in the input string starting from the current index start, and recursively calls search_combination() function with the updated start and curr parameters. This generates all possible combinations of the characters in the string.

Flowchart:

Live Demo:

See the Pen javascript-function-exercise-3-1 by w3resource (@w3resource) on CodePen.

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