C Exercises: Partition a singly linked list around a specific value

#include<stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// Define a structure for a Node in a singly linked list
struct Node {
    int data;
    struct Node* next;
};

// Function to create a new node with given data
struct Node* new_Node(int data) {
    // Allocate memory for a new node
    struct Node* node = (struct Node*) malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
    // Set the data for the new node
    node->data = data;
    // Set the next pointer of the new node to NULL
    node->next = NULL;
    return node;
}

// Function to partition a singly linked list around a given value x
struct Node* partition_List(struct Node* head, int x) {
    struct Node* before_start = NULL;
    struct Node* before_end = NULL;
    struct Node* after_start = NULL;
    struct Node* after_end = NULL;
    struct Node* current = head;

    // Traverse the linked list and partition nodes based on the value x
    while (current) {
        if (current->data < x) {
            // Nodes less than x are added to the "before" partition
            if (!before_start) {
                before_start = current;
                before_end = before_start;
            } else {
                before_end->next = current;
                before_end = current;
            }
        } else {
            // Nodes greater than or equal to x are added to the "after" partition
            if (!after_start) {
                after_start = current;
                after_end = after_start;
            } else {
                after_end->next = current;
                after_end = current;
            }
        }
        current = current->next;
    }

    // Connect the "before" and "after" partitions and return the head of the partitioned list
    if (before_start) {
        before_end->next = after_start;
        after_end->next = NULL;
        return before_start;
    } else {
        return after_start;
    }
}

// Function to display the elements of a linked list
void displayList(struct Node* head) {
    while (head) {
        printf("%d ", head->data);
        head = head->next;
    }
    printf("\n");
}

// Main function where the execution starts
int main() {
    struct Node* list = new_Node(3);
    list->next = new_Node(5);
    list->next->next = new_Node(7);
    list->next->next->next = new_Node(5);
    list->next->next->next->next = new_Node(9);
    list->next->next->next->next->next = new_Node(2);
    list->next->next->next->next->next->next = new_Node(1);

    int x = 5;
    printf("Original list:\n");
    displayList(list); // Display the original list

    list = partition_List(list, x); // Partition the list around the value x
    printf("Linked List after partition around %d:\n", x);
    displayList(list); // Display the partitioned list

    return 0; // Indicates successful completion of the program
}