C Exercises: Merge one sorted array into another sorted array

Last update on March 18 2025 13:23:42 (UTC/GMT +8 hours)

38. Merge Sorted Arrays

Write a program in C to merge one sorted array into another sorted array.

Note: The size of first array is (m+n) but only first m locations are populated remaining are empty. The second array is of size equal to n.

To merge one sorted array into another sorted array in C, you can implement a straightforward algorithm where you compare elements from both arrays and insert them into a new array in sorted order. This approach ensures that the resulting array remains sorted without requiring additional space beyond the arrays being merged.

Visual Presentation:

Sample Solution:

C Code:

#include <stdio.h>

// Function to merge two sorted arrays into one sorted array
void merge2arrs(int *bgArr, int bgArrCtr, int *smlArr, int smlArrCtr) {
    // Check for invalid arrays
    if (bgArr == NULL || smlArr == NULL)
        return;

    // Initialize indices for arrays
    int bgArrIndex = bgArrCtr - 1,
        smlArrIndex = smlArrCtr - 1,
        mergedArrayIndex = bgArrCtr + smlArrCtr - 1;

    // Merge the arrays
    while (bgArrIndex >= 0 && smlArrIndex >= 0) {
        if (bgArr[bgArrIndex] >= smlArr[smlArrIndex]) {
            bgArr[mergedArrayIndex] = bgArr[bgArrIndex];
            mergedArrayIndex--;
            bgArrIndex--;
        } else {
            bgArr[mergedArrayIndex] = smlArr[smlArrIndex];
            mergedArrayIndex--;
            smlArrIndex--;
        }
    }

    // Copy remaining elements from the small array
    if (bgArrIndex < 0) {
        while (smlArrIndex >= 0) {
            bgArr[mergedArrayIndex] = smlArr[smlArrIndex];
            mergedArrayIndex--;
            smlArrIndex--;
        }
    } else if (smlArrIndex < 0) {
        // Copy remaining elements from the large array
        while (bgArrIndex >= 0) {
            bgArr[mergedArrayIndex] = bgArr[bgArrIndex];
            mergedArrayIndex--;
            bgArrIndex--;
        }
    }
}

// Main function
int main() {
    int bigArr[13] = {10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22};
    int smlArr[6] = {11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21}; 
    int i;

    // Print the large array
    printf("The given Large Array is :  ");
    for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
        printf("%d  ", bigArr[i]);
    } 	
    printf("\n");

    // Print the small array
    printf("The given Small Array is :  ");
    for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
        printf("%d  ", smlArr[i]);
    } 	
    printf("\n");	

    // Merge the arrays and print the merged array
    merge2arrs(bigArr, 7, smlArr, 6);
    printf("After merging, the new Array is :\n");
    for (i = 0; i < 13; i++) {
        printf("%d ", bigArr[i]);
    }
    return 0;
}

Sample Output:

The given Large Array is :  10  12  14  16  18  20  22  
The given Small Array is :  11  13  15  17  19  21  
After merged the new Array is :
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 

Flowchart: 1

Flowchart: 2

For more Practice: Solve these Related Problems:

• Write a C program to merge two sorted arrays into one sorted array using the two-pointer technique.
• Write a C program to merge two sorted arrays and remove duplicates from the merged array.
• Write a C program to merge two sorted arrays in descending order without using extra space.
• Write a C program to merge two sorted arrays and then perform a binary search on the merged array.

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